Resumo Objetivo Produzir um indicador multidimensional de saúde bucal, a partir de variáveis dentárias e não dentárias, para a pessoa idosa da zona urbana do município de Manaus, AM, Brasil. Método Os dados utilizados são oriundos de um estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido no ano de 2008, com indivíduos de 65 a 74 anos de idade, aleatoriamente selecionados, residentes na cidade de Manaus. Para a produção do indicador proposto, consideraram-se as variáveis dentárias (CPO-D - Índice de Dentes Perdidos, Cariados e Obturados; CPI - Índice Periodontal Comunitário; PIP- Índice de Perda de Inserção Periodontal) e não dentárias (socioeconômicas e índice GOHAI - General Oral Health Assessment Index). Uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória sintetizou essas variáveis, facilitando a construção do indicador multidimensional. Resultados A análise gerou três fatores que, em conjunto, explicaram 72,9% da variância do modelo (KMO = 0,749 e p< 0,001 para o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett). Esses três fatores foram reduzidos à variável “soma”, calculada a partir da soma dos escores fatoriais por indivíduo. A mediana dessa nova variável foi o valor de referência para categorização da condição de saúde bucal do indivíduo em “favorável” ou “desfavorável”. Conclusão O indicador foi capaz de agregar diversas dimensões da saúde bucal em uma única medida, além de possibilitar sua reprodutibilidade para construção de outros indicadores de saúde.

Abstract Objective Produce a multidimensional indicator of oral health, based on dental and non-dental variables, for the older adult in the urban area of the city of Manaus-AM. Method The data used are from a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in 2008 with randomly selected individuals aged 65 to 74 years, residing in the city of Manaus. To produce the proposed indicator, the dental variables (DMFT- Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth; CPI- Community Periodontal Index; PIP- Periodontal Insertion Loss Index) and non-dental (socioeconomic and index GOHAI- General Oral Health Assessment Index) were considered. An exploratory factor analysis synthesized these variables, facilitating the construction of the multidimensional indicator Results The analysis generated three factors that, together, explained 72.9% of the model’s variance (KMO = 0.749 and p<0.001 for Bartlett’s test of sphericity). These three factors were reduced to the “sum” variable, calculated from the sum of the factor scores per individual. The median of this new variable was the reference value for categorizing the individual’s oral health condition into “favorable” or “unfavorable”. Conclusion The indicator was able to aggregate several dimensions of oral health into a single measure, in addition to enabling its reproducibility for the construction of other health status indicators.

Former Soviet émigrés in the United States are on average older than other immigrant groups, with adults over 65 comprising a large portion of the Russian-speaking population. Despite known risks associated with old-age migration, however, researchers and providers have underestimated adjustment difficulties for Russian-speaking elderly in U.S. These older adults tend to acquire a new culture with difficulty and remain highly oriented towards their heritage culture. However, limited research examines how acculturation to both the culture of origin and the host culture contributes to wellbeing for this immigrant group. This study assesses the adaptive value of host and heritage acculturation across several domains in the lives of older émigrés from the former Soviet Union resettled in the Baltimore and Washington, DC areas in the United States. Acculturation level with respect to both host and heritage culture was measured with the Language, Identity, and Behavior Scale (LIB; Birman & Trickett, 2001) and used to predict psychological, family, social, and medical care adjustment outcomes. Results suggest that acculturation to the host or heritage culture has different functions depending on life domain. Particularly, high American acculturation contributed to better adjustment in the psychological, family, and social domains. Heritage acculturation was associated with better outcomes in the social domain and had mixed effects for psychological adjustment. Theoretical implications highlight the importance of evaluating multiple life domains of adapting through a bilinear acculturation model for the understudied population of elderly immigrants.

Las personas ex-soviéticas que se exiliaron a los EE.UU. tienen una media de edad superior a la de otros grupos de inmigrantes; entre ellas, los adultos que superan los 65 años suponen un gran porcentaje de la población ruso parlante. A pesar de que se conocen los riesgos asociados con la inmigración de personas mayores, los investigadores y agentes que prestan servicios han subestimado las dificultades de adaptación de las personas mayores ruso parlantes en los EE.UU. A estas personas les cuesta adquirir una nueva cultura y siguen muy orientados hacia su cultura de origen. No obstante, no abunda la investigación que analice de qué mane-ra contribuye al bienestar de este grupo de inmigrantes la aculturación tanto en la cultura de origen como en la cultura de acogida. Este estudio analiza el valor adaptativo de la aculturación de origen y de acogida en diversas facetas de la vida de las personas de más edad que se exiliaron de la antigua Unión Soviética y se establecieron en EE.UU. en zonas de Baltimore y Washington DC. El nivel de aculturación tanto en la cultura de acogida como en la de origen se ha medido con la Escala de Idioma, Identidad y Comportamiento (LIB; Birman & Trickett, 2001), que se utilizó para predecir el grado de ajuste psicológico, familiar, social y sanitario. Los resultados indican que la asimilación de la cultura de acogida o de origen tiene funciones diferentes dependiendo de la faceta de la vida. En concreto una elevada aculturación estadounidense contribuía a una mejor adaptación en las facetas psicológica, familiar y social. La aculturación de origen se asociaba a mejores resultados en la faceta social aunque eran contradictorios en el ajuste psicológico. Las implicaciones teóricas destacan la importancia de evaluar las distintas facetas de la vida en la adaptación a un modelo de aculturación bilineal en el caso de la población de inmigrantes mayores, escasamente estudiada.

This commentary reviews the contributions of the 6 papers to the emerging focus on migration within community psychology. This collection of articles on migration and community represents a growing interest in the field in immigration issues in general, and a community psychology focus on these issues in particular. The papers span a range of issues raised by migration in a variety of different contexts. The papers reflect principles of community psychology by articulating a perspective on migration and its outcomes within national and global contexts. Taken together, these articles demonstrate the increasing mutual enrichment of immigration and community research. The articles suggest the need to continue to articulate psychological constructs as transactional and contextual across multiple levels of analysis.

Este comentario revisa los seis artículos de este monográfico sobre el emergente enfoque de la psicología comunitaria de las migraciones y en su conjunto, constituyen un ejemplo representativo del interés creciente de esta disciplina. Los artículos abarcan un amplio rango de los tópicos en una importante diversidad de contextos, y muestran cómo los principios de la psicología comunitaria permiten articular una visión de las migraciones y sus resultados, tanto en el ámbito nacional como global. Tomados en su conjunto, muestran el enriquecimiento que las migraciones suponen para la investigación comunitaria y sugieren la necesidad de continuar articulando los constructos psicológicos como transaccionales y contextuales a través de múltiples niveles de análisis.